Institutions estimate that the US-Iran war has caused up to 58 billion dollars in energy infrastructure damage.

The final bill amount will depend on whether the damage to these assets is partial or structural. According to Fatih Birol, Executive Director of the International Energy Agency (IEA), more than 80 energy facilities have been attacked since the outbreak of the war. Birol pointed out that over one-third of these facilities have been severely damaged. Iran attacked the oil and gas infrastructure of its Gulf Arab neighbors, targeting production facilities, refineries, and pipelines. Israel, on the other hand, bombed natural gas and petrochemical facilities within Iran.